At the MACo Winter Conference, attendees learned about the history and role of APFOs and identified areas for improvement.

Adequate Public Facilities Ordinances (APFOs) help counties manage growth by linking new development to the capacity of schools, roads, water, sewer, and other services so infrastructure and taxpayers aren’t overwhelmed. They’ve also become controversial, with critics arguing that strict standards or long delays can be used to block housing, drive up costs, or push growth to neighboring areas, and may unintentionally reinforce inequities—leaving local leaders to balance infrastructure protection with housing supply and fairness concerns.
Incoming MACo President & Frederick County Council Person MC Keegan-Ayer led the conversation and moderated an informative Q&A at the “Keeping Pace with Growth: The Role of Adequate Public Facilities Ordinances” general session at the MACo Winter Conference.
Panelists included:
- Chris Murphy, Engineer Administrator, Anne Arundel DPW
- Lakisha Hull, Director, Prince George’s Department of Planning
- Lee Currey, Director, Water and Science Administration, Maryland Department of the Environment
MACo Pres.-Elect MC Keegan-Ayer is moderating a heavy hitting panel today on county APFO! https://t.co/5Y0vbidHf4 pic.twitter.com/ZHhOLg1eM0
— Dominic J. Butchko (@DomButchko_MACo) December 11, 2025
Lakisha Hull kicked off the panel by detailing the histor and basic ins and outs of APFOs.
Lee Currey described the state’s role in regulating county infrastructure, which largely influences how this policies are developed.
Chris Murphy gave a real on the ground perspective of managing infrastructure and the importance of not overwhelming local capacity.
Most APFOs generally fit into six areas. While not always exclusive to these categories, most policies try to address deficiencies in these areas. pic.twitter.com/l3Vvmjq4AB
— Dominic J. Butchko (@DomButchko_MACo) December 11, 2025
The biggest limit to growth is water. More than anything else, water infrastructure is the most important factor in managing growth. pic.twitter.com/CEV85lTVfs
— Dominic J. Butchko (@DomButchko_MACo) December 11, 2025
A big tool used to model and plan is a SWAMP or Sewer & Water Allocation Management Planning. pic.twitter.com/e8MnkasrPm
— Dominic J. Butchko (@DomButchko_MACo) December 11, 2025
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